Two Communication And Technology Reflection Essay Example For Students

Two Communication And Technology Reflection Essay The choices that I make in High School are very important. I know if I do not handle everything I need to, it will not be a good thing when I do not participate in the graduation. This part of my portfolio is called the communication and technology section, to demonstrate these skills I chose the following items: First on the list is Oral Communication and Listening Skills. I included my interview presentation. Second/Third section are, Written Communication and a word-processed document, to show that I have met these requirements I included my Kaffir Boy Project. Fourth on the list is send information using e-mail, for this I have included copies of e-mails that I have sent and received. Last is create, edit and analyze information using a spreadsheet or database, I included a spreadsheet for this part. My interview presentation meets the requirements of Oral Communication and Listening Skills. It meets the requirements because in this I had to listen to the person I was interviewing. I also had to take notes and come up with a presentation that I would make to the class. We will write a custom essay on Two Communication And Technology Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For this assignment I was expected to listen to the person I interviewed, and be able to record and present what was recorded during the interview. After the interview was finished I develop a presentation and give an oral report to the class. The Kaffir Boy Project that I did shows written communication in the following ways. I was to read a story from my World Literature book, take notes, write an essay and present it to my class. This demonstrates my ability to communicate bot through written word and orally written communications. Because I used a word processor to type this report this project also meets the requirements. To meet the e-mail requirement, I sent an e-mail to me advisor Mr. Clunn. About 3 days later I received a reply, included are copies of both e-mails. Last year in my business application class we were to come up with our own spreadsheet. The spreadsheet that I came up with had to do with a few of my peers and shoe sizes. The point of the spreadsheet was to show that boy the same age as girls, usually have bigger feet; a copy of the spreadsheet is included. As I go on trying to do everything that I can to graduate, I think back to what I should have been doing so that my senior year would not be so hard. I remember times that I should have been doing homework instead of putting it aside to do unnecessary things. I wish that I would have done things differently, and thought about how

Essay on Critical Annotated Bibliography

Essay on Critical Annotated Bibliography Essay on Critical Annotated Bibliography Essay on Critical Annotated BibliographyToday, the copyright law is one of the most controversial issues because, on the one hand, the copyright protects intellectual property rights, while, on the other hand, the emergence of information technologies and modern telecommunication systems have opened new opportunities for creative work of people using materials legally protected by the copyright. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the documentary A Remix Manifesto directed by Brett Gaylor.Before the presentation of the documentary, Brett Gaylor encourages people to do more remixes from the movie and, thus, to make his idea of the new concept of the copyright come true. The emotional appeal of the director to the audience can be traced throughout the documentary as Gaylor persuades the public that the traditional copyright law is outdated and he attempts to present the existing legislation as the copy RIGHT suggesting moving to the copy LEFT that means that copyrights should be come more liberal. In fact, he is a proponent of creative commons since the documentary is created on the ground of contribution of many people and the director explores the contemporary concept of the copyright and how it should be changed to meet the modern cultural and technological environment.To make his message more persuading, Gaylore refers to the authority of renowned activists, journalists, and other reputable people, who stand on the similar ground for creative commons and changes of the modern copyright law. The appeal to the authority of renowned people is a useful device that helps to gain the support of the audience and persuade viewers that his vision of the copyright is basically right.To defeat any possible argument of his opponents, Gaylor appeals to the logic and reason of the audience by referring to the case of Jammie Thomas, a single mother making $36,000 a year, who was ruled to pay off $222,220 in damages for making 24 songs available for download on the Kaz aa file-sharing network. The audience can hardly keep from being sympathetic in relation to Jammie Thomas and may believe the payoff is too high.In such a way, Gaylor steadily but logically leads the audience to the only possible conclusion that the law, including the copyright law, should distinguish the copyRIGHT represented by corporations and the copyLEFT represented by free creative communities. The director concludes that people have the right to realize their creativity and publish their creative works freely within the public domain.In fact, the argument of Gaylor is logical and reasonable as well as it is emotional. However, he apparently tends to stand for the copyLEFT but he also tends to underestimate the risk of misusing the concept of creative commons and other ideas related to his concept of copyLEFT, which implies free individual creativity in the public domain. In a long-run perspective, the refusal from the traditional copyright law and the shift toward public crea tivity, or creative commons, or whatever, leads to the violation of the intellectual property rights of individuals and companies because whatever intellectual property that goes public will be unprotected by the copyright anymore.Thus, A Remix Manifesto is the documentary that raises an important issue of the change of the copyright and the emerging conflict between the right of individuals to creativity in the public, open domain, and the protection of intellectual property rights.

Phases of Transition for Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phases of Transition for Nurses - Essay Example The gaps between theory and praxis will percolate within their system, as the abyss between reality and expectation brings innate confusion and perplexity. Phases of Transition for Nurses Duchscher (2001) explained that transition shock reinforces the need for new graduates to bridge their educational curricula with increasing workplace expectations with the aim of integrating new nursing professionals into such rigorous and dynamic context of healthcare practice. The transition phases include the following: a. The Honeymoon phase- this is the phase when a new practitioner attempts to reconcile one’s excitement and enthusiasm in the performance of job with such oozing expectations. New graduates express comfortability in the learning the variables from patients; not only settling on default information but also of other possibilities (Duchscher, 2001). They perform their new in accordance to standard policies of the practice in accordance to set of rules and standards set by t he medical institution with hope that they will be accorded with necessary counselling, mentoring, guidance, and evaluative care from their respective managers (Duchscher, 2001). ... b. Shock and Rejection– The feeling of shock and rejection often happens when the new practitioner’s expectation and assumption seemed to be incompatible or is in a mismatched to the empirical realities and demands of one’s job. When the feeling of shock is not remedied or not responded positively, frustration and disappointment may seep in the practitioner’s system. Confronted by this possibility, it is significant that neophyte healthcare provider should be oriented thoroughly of the demands of the job, the policies inherent in their respective duties, the potential stresses that their profession entails, as well as the standards imposed upon them as institutional protocols of the profession. Such orientation will help them cope from the competitive nature of their profession that require their core competence and positive attitude in dealing with the multiple tasks embedded in healthcare delivery. Guidance, mentoring, and professional support from the m edical institution’s management could help provide psycho-emotional balance to new practitioners amid variants present in medical care. It is also significant that new practitioners are able to understand exactly the caring profession hence, there is an imperative for them to act in accordance to their professional and ethical goals while providing support and compassion to patients or clients. Healthcare advocates should fully transcend the hassles and stresses of criticism, lack of support, or maybe those mockeries-- at an optimal level to meet their oath and to cope against potential rejection. It is therefore important that they too are able to understand the entire operational mechanism and framework of healthcare

Communicating a Strategic Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communicating a Strategic Plan - Research Paper Example Since there are several functional areas that need to be synchronized for cohesive functioning as per the updated strategic plan, communication across entire organization becomes extremely important and necessary. Usually, a strategic plan needs to be updated and communicated from the top person of the organization such as Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer of the company to bring entire organization in a single common platform so that each functional area clearly understands how and in what way to proceed for the overall goal achievements. It is extremely important that all departments and sections of the organization perform and function in a most cohesive and synchronized way and that is possible only when the top person of the organization keeps on not only updating the strategic plan but also communicating to them its importance and likely impact on the

Consumer Behaviour Case Study on Hellman's Essay

Consumer Behaviour Case Study on Hellman's - Essay Example In the highly competitive environment of global business, it becomes hugely important for businesses to study the various factors that influence consumer buying decisions. Kotler and Armstrong (2009) state that marketing broadly meets the needs and requirements of the people. The marketing therefore, provides the necessary linkages to facilitate the awareness, needs and access to the products by the consumers. In the current times, the globalization and technology have contributed to a paradigm shift in the consumer behaviour. The consumer has not only become more informed but is also provided with plethora of choices. Thus, consumer psychology has emerged as one of the most pertinent issues within strategic marketing that impacts purchase behaviour and influences business outcome (Foxall et al., 2005).The paper would be discussing the marketing stimuli used by Hellmann’s to influence consumer’s cognitive, affective and behavioural responses.The paper would also highlig ht Hellmann’s market strategy to influence consumers purchase psychology. Hellmann’s has made a niche market position in the area of food and food ancillary products. Mayonnaise with huge range is its key product along with salad dressing, ketchup, salad cream etc. The last hundred years have seen Hellmann’s evolve as iconic brand with food ingredients that constantly redefine cooking.Indeed, the marketing strategies of Hellmann’s rely fundamentally on the belief that food can be creatively cooked to tempt the palate of the connoisseurs. It use of various consumer psychology marketing stimuli, like bold design, jingles and short, crisp messages, become highly effective elements to connect with its consumers. The theoretical underpinning of marketing tools helps explain the success of its advertisements which are designed to address the needs and requirements of food lovers and housewives. 2. Marketing mix and consumer response Marketing mix strategy uses different platforms of communication and media to influence customers’ perception and subsequently their buying decisions. Internet, television, radio, print media, hoarding etc. are major marketing tools that are exploited to gain market leverage. The 4Ps: product, price, place and promotion are important parts of market mix which determine the level of commitment of the customers and influence their behaviour. Indeed, customer’s purchase decision is motivated by multiple factors and delivers satisfaction from myriad front to earn customer’s long term loyalty. The inter-dependency of resources within the defined system is critical imperative which has huge potential to create not only a sustainable market but also one which is mutually satisfying. Thus, factors that impact consumer behaviour have increasingly become vital inputs for marketers to identify, address and exploit in order to gain competitive advantage in the industry (Solomon et al., 2006). Most imp ortantly, success of the product relies heavily on the impact that it makes

Contentions Of Standpoint Epistemology Sociology Essay

Contentions Of Standpoint Epistemology Sociology Essay This paper examines the concept of standpoint epistemology in the field of social science and discusses whether this remains a viable radical perspective on knowledge. The focus is placed upon the perspective from the feminist viewpoint and the application to sociology. The historical content is examined as a foundation to knowledge and this is placed into context in the relationship to knowledge. It is argued as to whether there continues to be a viable radical perspective on knowledge, both the pros and cons are examined. Conclusions summarize these points highlighting the key issues of the argument. The concept of standpoint epistemology is based upon the philosophy of knowledge that enables a holistic world-view of the challenges of oppressed women and the vision of how knowledge provides a platform for social activism, transformation and change. It combines the concept of both a body of knowledge and a method of conducting research. The feminist standpoint provides a call for political action and a reformation agenda. Dorothy Smith  [1]  was one of the original feminine theorists who developed standpoint epistemology. Smith focused heavily on gender studies and talked about ruling texts which examined the power relations in society and the dominance of men in social societies. Smith made the point that the knowledge we have of women, together with ruling texts that define the relationships are completely opposite to the experiences of how women are treated in society. Smith focused in on racism and stated that a common bond existed between black women of all nations as the y had experience of oppression, slavery and discrimination. (Johnson 2010) Sandra Harding,  [2]  within the context of feminine standpoint epistemology puts forward two important claims: (i) Those social positions within the under privileged classes has less distortion than those embodied within other classes and (ii) All scientific knowledge is socially situated. She in essence puts forward the argument that the diversity amongst inquirers creates an epistemic advantage. (Rolin 2006). The standpoint epistemology has maintained interest from sociologists over the last thirty years. Despite the criticism involved it has continued to evolve into a wide array of different perspectives and viewpoints. The research is considered to be closely aligned to the materialist perspective (the Marxist feminism view). This provides the research in a more balanced and realistic stance. Marxist feminism argued a standpoint epistemology that embraced concepts of both knowledge and power; as such having emphasis more on process than that of the materialistic viewpoint. A standpoint as such may be defined as the action that we accomplish from a social status perspective. Standpoint research theorists claim that their research is a more complete and rigorous set of results than that of their male counterparts. They believe that feminist research suffers from less distortion than male research and as such stands up to better scrutiny. (Pamela Abbott 2005). Standpoint is considered to b e an epistemology of transition and as such seeks to find change that aligns with knowledge transfer. It has been widely held that the feminist standpoint theory, as of today, seeks to find epistemic privilege that supports the female point of view. Harding has condemned the feminist standpoint theorists for attempting to express a single womens perspective (Harding 2004). The condemnation is based upon the fact that theorists fail to consider the complete diversity of the female opinion. In 1991 Harding  [3]  stated that there needs to be a reformation of a standpoint that portrays more post modernist standpoints. CONTENTIONS OF STANDPOINT EPISTEMOLOGY In the context of feminist standpoint epistemology it is necessary to compare traditional standpoints with that of modern perspectives. Traditionally it was held that science holds that objective, political neutral inquiry that maximises the power in order to achieve scientific aims. (Cassandra L. Pinnick 2003). Harding argues against this viewpoint stating that objectivity in scientific research is a delusion and as such a contradiction; it is far too rigorous to be objective. (Cassandra L. Pinnick 2003). Abortion is a subject area that contains contentions within the context of standpoint epistemology. The feminist standpoint provides linkages between that of experience and knowledge. In order to achieve a feminist standpoint you need to identify and experience both the struggle and intellectual challenges first-hand. Hence those women who accomplish this have a far sounder perspective than the male researcher. In the contemptuous subject of abortion, those women who have actually experienced the problem will have a profound understanding of the issues, trauma and prejudice of the process than that of a passive observer. It is the difference between that of specific experience and that of pure perspective. MariAnna  [4]  underlines the importance of concrete experience as an important source of information towards a body of knowledge. Sandra Harding stated that feminist epistemology is characterised by the recognition that women are agents of knowledge (MariAnna 2002). Women in general are seen to be more flexible with a fluidity that enables them to multi-task and accomplish multiple events at the same time. MariAnna stated that it is important to distinguish between that of methods and methodology, it is the latter which has deep roots in the epistemology approach to research. Feminist methodology within the approach to inquiry is deeply rooted in those feminist beliefs and theories that provide a more holistic and wider range of thinking to the subject matter under review. It has been pointed out by Pamela Abbot et al that there are conflicting areas of knowledge within feminism i.e. that of standpoint epistemology and the concept of post modernization. They have become problematic because they aspire to contain a degree of unity. Abbot argued that an element of relativism remains in the multiple standpoint approaches (Pamela Abbott 2005). That is to say the question remains unanswered as to who is exactly the final arbiter of truth (Pamela Abbott 2005). Abbott et al conclude by saying that within the overall research carried out in her book mainstream sociology becomes inadequate owing to the systematic bias and distortion in male stream knowledge (Pamela Abbott 2005). They argue that a total re-thinking is required in sociological knowledge that embraces the feminist contribution. The transformation is required because historically women have not just been ignored but their input has been both marginalised and distorted within the overall science. As such advances and contributions made by female researchers and sociologists need to be examined for integration within the overall body of knowledge and process of sociological thinking. It is a transformational step process that requires reformation in order that both concepts and questions become more centric to the issues of the discipline. Shawn Best  [5]  looked at research from the standpoint epistemology that examined the power of white feminists and the attempt to subjugate the knowledge of black women; the latter of which has been historically regarded as invalid intellectual knowledge. Interestingly he examined white women in the role of oppression. In addition to the concept of racism and power, in the 1990s attention was drawn towards the gay and lesbian communities and as such the post-modernist Queer Theory emerged. This put forward the argument that biological sex in addition to gender was part of the social construct. As such the possession of certain organs was the type that defined the binary reality of women or man. (Best 2005). Sirmondo  [6]  stated that the central argument of standpoint theory is that it is based upon a theory of privilege and not merely another different perspective. It examines sexual discrimination from the viewpoint of the female and as such provides a platform in order to become more informed and understand gender issues. As such women are in an improved position to see discrimination from a perspective that eludes males. This becomes more apparent when female activists take political actions to overturn male discrimination. He concludes that those people who see social constraints as oppressive can more easily comprehend those constraints than those who cannot see them. (Sismondo 2010) In recent years sociologists have been somewhat detached in the mainstream philosophy of science. It was David Bloor  [7]  who commented that social science remains impartial to truth, falsity, rationality, irrationality, success or failure. The desire for detachment has not only been confined to that of relativism. Others have commented that standpoint epistemology may be more of an escape from the intellectual quicksand of relativism and indefensible territory of neutrality and detachment (Iorio 2009). As such the standpoint requires a new examination of objectivity and a movement away from what is considered to be subjective perspectives. It is considered that most of the contentions that surround standpoint feminism and postmodern feminism are centered on power and agency. The post structural feminists continue to question the transparency upon the experiences put forward by women. They state that they rely upon the same expressive state of language that under pins liberal feminism. Many of these standpoint theories operate from the premise of fixed truth about the insights made. It is automatically assumed that experience represents both valid and reliable sources of information. These individuals with already fixed identities have limited experience of oppression. These experiences are articulated in conventional power relations. These power relations have a tendency to fix women to a specific category. (Carole Ruth McCann 2003). By way of comparison it is useful to examine the international perspectives of contention in standpoint epistemology. The political activism that is currently taking place in modern day Chile provides a direct response that has been based upon gender experience. Historically Chilean women have been branded and placed in a specific position in Chilean society, this being termed marianismo (Tà ©treault 2000). There have been certain criticisms of postmodernism and the movement towards relativism. This in turn has seen many females hybridize the epistemologies in order to deflect the criticism. The approach has moved towards examining different voices and standpoints of feminism. In Chilean society the women are deemed to be very cultured and have different views on a range of varying subject matter. It is considered that the postmodern feminist perspective has broadened the voice of the Latin American woman and allowed true feminist views to be openly expressed. (Tà ©treault 2000). It is over the last two decades that there have been significant advances in sociological theory and in particular the many changes in feminist theory. The emphasis being placed upon the areas of gender, identity and subjectivity. Dietz stated that within the many debates that have took place it has been contested what is the true meaning of feminine citizenship (Dietz 2003) FEMENIST EPSISTEMOLOGY Epistemology essentially refers to the science of knowing and the acquisition of knowledge. It relates to how people understand what they know and draws its source from the disciplines like sociology and psychology. The research fields within this area have given rise to feminist epistemology and the knowledge that specifically applies to women. As such it becomes an approach that summarises the experience of women and integrating both knowledge and experiences into the female voice. More recent manipulations of the term epistemology illustrate the term has been widened or redefined to include new areas that were previously omitted by traditional research concepts (Alcoff 1993). The historical implications of female epistemology have been based around clashes that involve female liberalism and the oppression of women in society. The need to have their contribution recognized and included within the context of the social sciences. Feminist standpoint theories generally put forward the view that gender creates the social differences in epistemology. The aim being to obtain a closer comprehension of how authoritative knowledge is obtained and how female constructive uses can be put forward from marginal standpoints. Historically it has been considered that feminist standpoint theory has remained subordinate to the traditional mainstream philosophy of science. This has caused feminists to feel uncomfortable with both their role and contribution in the field of sciences. (Hirschmann 1997) In the journal Hypatia, numerous feminist empiricists have argued that scientific knowledge is socially situated and as such there is increasing levels of convergence between feminist empiricism and standpoint feminism. The latter has become much more subtle in terms of interpreting standpoint claims distinguished from that of views held by feminine empiricists. Sociologists have stated that feminine empiricism is more a way of how scientific claims may be proven as opposed to standpoint feminism which is more related to the study of science as a phenomenon. Both views are similar in that they strive towards a greater degree of diversity. (Intemann 2010). Jane Flax argues that psycho analysis, feminist theories and postmodern philosophies are all independent methods of thought, with each being understood in a different way. Each of these has its own perspective on social issues and transitional way of thinking. Flax describes feminist theory as a delimited area of intellectual discourse where general consensus occurs amongst its practitioners (Flax 2010). Regardless of this there remains a lively debate on those who are identified as feminist theorists. Within this is the importance of analysing gender and the distinction of female issues to that of the male domain. The aim of feminist theories is that of a recovery vehicle in order to reclaim those aspects in society that have been suppressed or denied by male dominated viewpoints. As such feminist values call for transformative thinking about such items as values, sense of self-worth and the dealing of stereotypes by the compartmentalization of women into specific categories and the reby denying freedom of expression. One of the central points in feminist standpoint theory is derived from that of Karl Marxs views on materialism. Feminists have adopted from this philosophy that the concept of power is the main way towards understanding social society. As such there exists a social identity between that of power and gender. The feminist engagement with epistemology tends to represent itself in one of two ways i.e. it is either very closely aligned with postmodernism or aligned with that of epistemology; the term female epistemology generally tends to imply that it is lined to the latter term. This in itself creates a degree of tension and conflict between the two forces. Miranda Fricker stated that we can credit feminist postmodernism with making a number of important contributions to social science. Amongst this is the contribution to the intellectual knowledge base and making the general populace more aware of the complexity of social identity. In this sense it is more accurate than that of an onthology that relates purely to class. (Fricker 2000). In current terms it is important to recognise that a large number of women are employed in science, engineering and academic positions. As such they offer a diverse range of opinions on a wide range of subject matter. The female positions tend to have two distinct types of focus (i) that engaged with the sciences and (ii) that focused upon society. Researchers have emerged from former marginalised groups and as such have had a profound way of changing the pattern of inquiry and thought process. There are still those however that holds the opinion that feminism is a threat to the objectivity of science. Sandra Harding pointed out that if all knowledge is socially constructed it will pose a major threat and challenge to science. For example with most scientists the notion that their views of the natural world are subjective is counter to their professional training. (Wyer 2008) Holland et al believe that the notion of a feminist standpoint tends to be more theoretical and political. The reason being the inability to separate politics and the epistemology. They have cited particular differences appropriate to realism and those influenced by empiricism. In addition they believe that standpoint feminists are far too influenced by concepts of gender. In making specific judgements or opinions on subject matter, the feminist needs to have a superior knowledge that the theoretical epistemological position if the research is to be formally accepted. (Caroline RamazanoÇlu 2002) Sandra Hardings  [8]  views on Standpoint Epistemology focused more on the concepts of objectivity. Harding advocated a new concept of strong objectivity, as opposed to that of the weak concept which she referred to as objectivism. She stated that objectivity must contain all social values and interests from the research that is carried out. She was aware that certain social values could adversely impact the research and cause potential distortions. As such Harding viewed traditional research concepts and objectivity as the denial of cultures best beliefs (knowledge), whereas the new version fully embraces both political and historical origins. Harding believed that her new theory holds validity, particularly from the feminist standpoint i.e. women are part of an oppressed group and as such they approach research problems in a less arbitrary way. They are more likely to evaluate theories that might otherwise be overlooked or denied by more traditional concepts or viewpoints. Harding states that that the standpoint has a substantial foundation in the empirical experiences of women and although this may not constitute a foundation of knowledge, nevertheless it does create a more diverse contribution leading towards increased objectivity. As such it might be regarded as a hybrid approach, between that of objectivity and relativism. Critics have argued that this is bound to fail because concepts of hybridisation cannot adequately deal with issues of generalisation and as such it will fail to distinguish from that of weak objectivity. (Sandra 2001) One of the most influential people in the field of standpoint epistemology was that of Dorothy E Smith.  [9]  Smith is famous throughout the world as a developer of theories and as such she has advanced the academic position from a feminist standpoint. Smith developed theories and concepts around the subject matter of gender and particularly that of the ruling texts of man. She advocated that many texts were compiled from the male perspective and as such were responsible for defining gender. She further advocated that such rules written by men determined the rules of society and defined the way in which we live and conduct our lives. Amongst the books that Smith referenced were the US Constitution, The Holy Bible and the Communist Manifesto. Smith stated that the rulings defined in many of these books were completely opposite to the manner in which women conducted their lives today. Such obsolescence creates the way for transformation of thinking and revision in these areas. Rya n B Johnson  [10]  (Johnson, Standpoint Epistemology Summary 2010) The ASA  [11]  President Patricia Collins  [12]  has also been extremely influential in her works on standpoint epistemology. Collins has excelled as a distinguished black professor rising through the ranks dealing with oppression that includes race, class and gender. She emphasises this point in her research and talks about white privilege in feminist society. She has broadened the discussion of gender to include that of racial factors as black women shared a common bond in terms of almost universal oppression. Most black women could recount from their history a record of oppression, slavery and discrimination. This created an even stronger standpoint than that experienced by white women and had a wider impact than other discriminated groups like gays, lesbians and Jews. (Johnson, Standpoint Epistemology Summary 2010). CONCLUSIONS Alison Wylie  [13]  maintained that Standpoint theory is grounded in social and political thought. As such the notion of knowledge and epistemology is nothing new. Wylie states the most significant contributions in the area have been made by Sandra Harding and Nancy Harsock. Standpoint theory continues to have a profound impact on social and political thinking to this very day. (Grebowicz 2007). The arguments put forward by the female epistemology practitioners focus upon potential bias and exclusion by their male counterparts. The practice has seriously disadvantaged women by : (i) excluding them from inquiry (ii) denial of access to epistemic authority (iii)denigrating female cognitive styles and types of knowledge (iv) male dominance that is self-serving and denigrates female contributions as being inferior or insignificant (v) theories of social phenomenon that render womens interests invisible (vi)the production of knowledge that creates class divisions, creates hierarchies or relegates women to that of subordinate roles. (Andersen 2010). Whilst considerable strides have been made towards the resolution of contentions in standpoint epistemology, particularly in what we refer to as the Western or first world environment; on the global scene there still remains a lot of work to accomplish. Females still suffer oppression in such areas as the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America and many Muslim speaking countries. The internet has helped in the creation of a global forum for women to communicate world-wide and talk about experiences, lifestyle, social interaction, oppression etc. Nevertheless despite open access communication we are even seeing examples of where this is being subverted for political power and exclusion of feminine authority. Examples being that of China and certain Middle Eastern countries. Feminist groups have also advocated for the recognition of womens rights on a global scale. However, when this has been approached as a human righ ts issue it has met with opposition from cultural relativists and liberal human rights activists. It has been viewed as an attempt by western women to expand western cultural philosophy. The relativists argument being that recognition of womens rights as human rights is linked to that of western imperialism. This view is very misguided because by nature the concept of oppression, racial discrimination, gender issues etc. are universal ones and as such not confined to the west but are global issues for resolution. (Kim 2010) 3733

then who do we believe? Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Ultimate Dilema   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several safety precautions that we as humans take to ensure our safety. Humans most commonly test things before selling or using them. This can avoid liability and make sure products are safe. Cosmetics are among the many types of products that are being tested such as fragrances, toiletries, and cosmetics that are tested on millions of animals each year. This has created several controversies between animal rights activists and cosmetic manufacturers. Especially in the European Union Council of Ministers where they want to ban animal testing as soon as they can develop enough alternatives (Milmo, 6). This is because several animals are used in experimentations to test if products are safe for us to use. Tests like the Draize Irritancy and Skin Tests, where products are put in the eyes of rabbits to test irritations, and the LD50, where several animals are exposed to a chemical are considered ways of torture. But luckily several corporations are discover ing new and reliable ways to replace animals with science and technology to help reduce the amount of animals used. So because testing on animals are absolutely necessary for our safety, as consumers, we do not have the right to use animals in this type of manner, but we should reduce the amount of tests by replacing many with alternatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this seems wrong, it is the ultimate necessity for human safety in cosmetic use. Animals have been used in cosmetic safety testing primarily because they share similarities to humans. They are quick and easy to use because they live short lives and are easily accessible. Most animals are raised only for testing, and experimentation is really all that they know. So they really are not taken out of their natural habitat for testing. Testing has been so important to corporations because they are trying to avoid being branded as unsafe. Testing also has been so important that they help avoid liability lawsuits and bad publicity from unsafe products (Hunter, 30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started in 1933 when a woman wanted to thicken her eyelashes. But after applying the dye to her lashes and accidentally to her eyes, she suffered for about three months. This woman, that the Federal Drug Administration calls â€Å"Mrs. Brown†, eventually went blind. Congress then passe... ...re are so many alternatives available now there really should not be a reason why a corporation would not reduce the amount of animals used. The newer techniques offer chances to obtain data faster, less expensively, and more humanely (Hunter, 26).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Cited Anthes, Gary H. â€Å"P&G Uses Data Mining to Cut Animal Testing.† Computer World 33 (1999): 44-45. Finsen, Lawrence, Susan Finsen. The Animal Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect. New York: Twayne, 1994. Fox, Michael Allen. The Case For Animal Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. London: University of California Press Ltd., 1986. Hunter, Beatrice Trum. â€Å"New Alternatives in Safety Testing.† Consumer Research Magazine 83  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2002): 26- 30. McCoy, J.J. Animals in Research: Issues and Conflicts. New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1993. Milmo, Sean. â€Å"Ultimate Showdown Looms For Animal Tested Cosmetics.† Chemical Market Reporter 261 (2001): 6, 28. Planet for the Taking Series: Ultimate Slavery: Dir. Nancy Archibald. Film Incorporated. .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Are Turkish Dramas Evading Our Culture Essay

The foreign dramas are attacking our culture and these are not according to our culture After a contentious time of the Indian dramas, now numerous Turkish plays are giving rise to curious hype not only in our television drama industry but also in the minds of the general public. As a matter of fact, it is true that our local drama production is invoking the interests of thousands and millions of viewers and most of these spectators are finding these plays appealing enough to follow. However, in recent times it has been noticed that some foreign television content is trying to induce a substantial place in our country. Unfortunately, somehow a Turkish serial â€Å"ISHQ-E-Mamnoon† was aired out and after a few weeks it ended up by getting exultant high ratings. After the broadcast of this particular play, a slipstream is started among the different TV channels to get foreign content and present to the public, in order to gain high ratings. When broadcasters and people are basking this dubbed â€Å"so called† change, they forgot to think all this activity is turning out to be a veridical threat to the local industry as well as the integrity and culture of our nation. There is also a small group of people who is trying to back up these serials, but I think these people might disremember what Indian dramas have done with our acculturation in the recent past. Because of these plays, our adolescents (especially girls) have started out to follow their language. In fact, several words were became the part of their vocabulary and they used these words into their normal discussions. After ascertaining the severity of this issue our civil society and television industry have taken some measures and banned all the Indian channels. But now we have to cope with another scourge which is a lot more dangerous than the previous one. We need to observe what sort of message these Turkish dramas are trying to convey? Are the stories of these plays fair enough to watch with our parents, brothers and sisters? Of course not and that is the main reason why it is considered as infectious to our culture and nation by our producers, writers, actors, directors and now public as well. These Turkish serials are full of bold scenes, which is totally against our moral values and they are just becoming the cause of raising the level of grossness and vulgarity. All in all, our music and film industry is neither cohesive nor strong. This is only the television industry that is producing high caliber dramas and bringing out the talent nd acting of impeccable quality and it should not have to endure the same issues as our film and music industry are confronting. Apart from our cultural and moral values, these Turkish serials are also threatening the future of thousands of actors, directors, cameramen, writers, producers, spot boys and other individuals who are directly or indirectly associated with our local drama industry. Although, a good and positive aspect is that our actors are united and they are unitedly saying the Turkish or any other foreign content should not hijack the viewership of our local dramas. If we take a close look at the history of subcontinent then it is not very hard to find the same interference of the popular East India Company that eventually became the main reason of Subcontinent’s separation. However, right now things are quite under control and still it is too long to anticipate any resemblance with this specific issue. Although our government must have to take impertinent and smart actions in order to avoid the drastic effects on our culture as well as on economy which is depending on our drama and entertainment industry.

Max Beckmanns Self Portrait in Bowler Hat

Max Beckmanns Self Portrait in Bowler Hat Free Online Research Papers A sixteen year old female slowly walks around the art museum. She passes by numerous art works, not paying too much attention. Music cascades through her head as she stops dead in her tracks. In front of her is a drawing of a man with lines and shading that express mood and emotion, something she has never seen in the art books at school. The piece was Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat†. From the first time I saw this piece over ten years ago I have been infatuated with it. It is often difficult to express what it is about a piece of art that grabs at you and what it exactly is that makes you overjoyed to stare at it for countless hours. One piece that appeals to one could be appalling to another. The best way that I can describe my attraction to this piece is by my first reaction, which was the emotion shown with simple lines. The harsh angles and high contrast still draw me to this piece. I have always enjoyed black and white work because I feel that colour can sometimes be a distraction to the lines and shapes. This initial reaction has led me to research this piece and drew enthusiasm once the topic was presented. The piece itself was created in 1921 in Germany. It is 12 5/16 by 9 5/8 inches. The medium used is dry point. This piece is also one in a large self portrait series done by Max Beckmann. In the series, he explored many different media, including dry point, lithographs and woodcuts. This series also represents nearly a quarter of his print production and also spanning most of his career. Later on, he would produce work of circus entertainers as well as a variety of themes. In understanding this artist and the piece itself, it is necessary to understand and research the context, or what was happening in Germany and in the world during this period of time. The most notable event is , of course, World War I. Beckmann worked both before and after the war. In the years leading up to the war, his work evolved into grand compositions of religious and mythical subjects in the tradition of Eugene Delacroix, Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrant van Rijn. The war interrupted his work and after serving as a medical volunteer for a year, he suffered a breakdown and was discharged to Frankfurt in 1915 to recuperate. When he began to paint again in earnest in 1917, his style changed radically, assuming a Northern Gothic sensibility couched in a Modern idiom. His forms became more mannered and polished; his colours became more intense, and his rendering of space took on a vaguely Cubist orientation, with figures compressed into torturous settings and angular forms tilting p recariously toward the picture plane. His works became a mosaic of contemporary social criticism and religious or mythical themes, and he increasingly used masked or costumed circus characters as allegorical figures, a practice that became a hallmark of his art. Max Beckmann was also considered to be an artist of the Weimar Republic. Weimar Republic refers to the years (1919-1933) in German history. Politically and economically, the nation struggled with the terms and reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles (1918) that ended World War I, and endured punishing levels of inflation. 1920s Berlin was at the hectic center of the Weimar Culture. The fourteen years of the Weimar were also marked by explosive intellectual productivity. German artists made significant cultural contributions in the fields of literature, art, architecture, music, dance, drama, and the new medium of the motion picture. Political theorist Ernst Bloch described Weimar culture as a Periclean Age. During the era of the Weimar Republic, Germany became a center of intellectual thought at its medieval universities, and most notably social and political theory (especially Marxism) was combined with Freudian psychoanalysis to form the highly influential discipline of Critical Theory- with its development at the Institute for Social Research (also known as the Frankfurt School) founded at the University of Frankfurt am Main. With the rise of Nazism and the ascension of Adolf Hitler to power in 1933, many German intellectuals and cultural figures fled Germany for Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world. Those who remained behind were often arrested, or detained in concentration camps. This is why, in 1947, Beckmann fled to the United States. It was the war that dramatically changed his view of the world and influenced his art heavily. Max Beckmann himself began creating this work with his anguished scenes of surgery in a World War I hospital and culminated in the relatively large lithographs of â€Å"Hell†, his horrific ten print assessment of post-World War I Germany, published in 1919. This includes depictions of the murders of the left-wing political leaders Karl Liednecht and Rosa Luxembourg. After his work in the war, his art changed dramatically into a more skeptical and sometimes pessimistic sense of human capacity, which was expressed by a distortion of form and space. The piece itself was created in 1921, which World War I took place from 1914-1918. In 1919, there was the Treaty of Versailles in which Germany lost colonies and land to it’s neighbors and had to pay large scale reparations. Due to that, the Weimar Republic came into control, which was marked by high unemployment and rampant inflation. Germany’s inability to pay the reparations to other countries resulted in economic collapse by 1923. By the year 1929, global depression and mass unemployment had taken hold. However, Beckmann had risen out of this depression and by the mid 1920’s had become one of Germany’s foremost modern painters. Beckmann was initially received by his local audience in a positive manner. Unfortunately, the Nazo regime did not appreciate his views towards war and publicizing it on a world wide audience. â€Å"He was persecuted by the Nazis in the 1930s but continued to work, painting his celebrated secular triptychs in the late 1930s and the 1940s† (artifact.com). His work was exemplary of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity), which was a short lived movement that was distinguished by the rejection of Expressionism and the revival of Realism. Of course part of Beckmann’s strength is that more than any German artist of his generation, he paid keen attention to new developments in Paris and elsewhere, assimilating them into concepts of space, composition and colour indelibly his own. Beckmann’s personal growth is visible in the progress of his expressive self-portraits, this one which shows the artist with narrowed eyes and clamped jaw, confident and intractable. It is also evident in his increasingly powerful and claustrophobic sense of composition in which shapes, as much as people, generate friction and compete for space. And it is clear in the increasing complexity with which he handles the different print techniques, achieving in each one a distinctive richness of texture, variety of line and sharpness of light. This piece still has much to offer us in the present day as well. Without looking at the date or the artist’s country of birth, we can see the influences of cubism, expressionism and even realism. We can also sense a feeling of tension by the harsh lines, sharp angles and high contrast. Looking further into the piece and through research, we can see a clear connection to war, depression and even death. We can also see the artist’s attitude in regards to himself by the expression on his face and his body language. â€Å"What Beckmann was, was a painter of history but not one who made pictures filled with public personalities or recognizable events. Primal scenes of degradation, yearning and exile were his specialty, complex reckonings with anxiety and grief. In his lifetime Europe would tear itself apart twice in world wars. And once the Nazis got wind of him, they put 10 of his canvases in their infamous show of degenerate art in 1937. The day after it opened, he fled Germany with his wife Quappi, first for Amsterdam, then, after the war, for the U.S., where he died of a heart attack at the edge of New York Citys Central Park.† (Lacayo, Richard). Beckmann’s work is bound to remind viewers what that critic of an earlier age was getting at. This piece would work well in a history class as an inquiry about World War I due to the fact that it tells a story, a history lesson if you will. In accordance with Marxist theory, this piece does â€Å"reveal and support the institutions of society†. It tells the story of Nazi Germany after the war, both revealing it to the world and supporting the situation. In addition to the historical implications of this piece, it also still inspires many artists by the innovation involved. I believe that it is just as celebrated in present time as it was eighty six years ago at the time of its creation. The above information gives a brief insight to what the artist did, what he was thinking at the time of the production, as well as how the world today perceives it and how I personally feel about the piece. These are things to be taken into consideration when deciphering a meaning behind a piece as well as the implications within a class room. The history intertwined within the piece without even knowing the context can be still be felt. A story is being told with simple lines. This is something that I wish my students to grasp and be able to reproduce a story or a scene without an explanation necessary (although still present). Lacayo, Richard (2003). The German Question. Time South Pacific (Australia/New Zealand edition); 7/28/2003 Issue 29, p65-65, 1p, 2c (2005). Artist Summary: Max Beckmann. Retrieved 21 September 2007 from artfact.com/features/viewArtist.cfm?aID=22764 Lesson Objectives for Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat† 1.) Ask students if they know any famous self portraits 2.) Tell them we will be studying a piece from 1921, created in Germany and ask if they know anything about that time period and place. 3.) Give power point presentation on piece and artist analysis, content and context. 4.) Ask how Beckmann portrayed a story in his piece. 5.) Show other pieces that tell a story about a time period or event and ask how they portray that particular theme. 6.) Brainstorm ideas about possible personal pieces individually, with a partner, then as a class. 7.) Work on own self portrait involving a story. Students will then be presented with a criteria guide as well as a requirement to write a story that correlates with their piece. Research Papers on Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat†Hip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

J. Armand Bombardier essays

J. Armand Bombardier essays Joseph-Armand Bombardier was born in Valcourt in 1907, He was the eldest of eight children born to Anna Gravel and Alfred Bombardier, who was a farmer who turned into a general merchant. On August 7, 1929, he married Yvonne Labrecque and together they had six children: Germain, Yvon, Janine, Claire, Huguette and Andr. When Bombardier was 15 he built his first snowmobile. He took the engine out of an old Model T Ford and mounted it on to the frame of a large farm sleigh. He put steering runners at the front and heavier, rigid runners at the back. He bolted a large hand-whittled propeller to the drive shaft of the engine The snowmobile was a success; it climbed over snowdrifts and traveled the ground with ease. Unfortunately, Bombardier's father was not impressed and made him dismantle the whole thing and put the pieces away. Bombardier continued to design snowmobiles. By the time he had graduated from high school in Sherbrooke and returned to Valcourt as a garage owner, he had developed the plans to make good snowmobiles. So he began building and testing them. In 1934 one of his sons died of appendicitis because Bombardier could not get the boy to the hospital in time,the snowmobile he was testing then was too small. For Bombardier this turned this project into an obsession and for years afterward this lean, wiry-framed man seemed never without a wrench in his hand. By 1936 he had sold his first commercial snowmobile. It had a plywood body and rubber tracks driven by sprockets, which together with a spring suspension system gave a smoother ride and increased traction. The wooden cabin was completely enclosed and the whole structure was quite large. During the next few years he developed a steel body to replace the wooden one and this paved the way for production of snowmobiles in much larger numbers. Bombardier really started production during the Second World War when the Canadian army wanted ...

Database systems and Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Database systems and Administration - Essay Example These three tables handle information regarding products being developed by the organization, countries in which it operates and employees that work for the organization. Since the organization sells various kinds of batteries it is evident that to maintain the record of the sales it makes it would need a sales table. The organization would also have to maintain the record of inventory and the products that are available. Finally to maintain records regarding the wages and designation of each employee a separate table of Job is created to help evaluate the position of an individual within the organizational structure. To help distinguish each entity from the other each record within each entity is assigned a unique alphanumeric character that helps in distinguishing one record from the other. Other entities that is present within a certain table further help in elaborating the data regarding a particular record. For example in the country table the attributes of country name and coun try description allows an individual to understand what the country ID stands for. These fields can significantly aid the organization when they are carrying out a presentation or are creating their annual reports that need to be presented to the organizational heads of the organization. Integrity rules: The relational tables are shown below: Product Inventory No Attribute name 1 Inventory ID 2 Product ID 3 Country ID 4 Quantity Sales No Attribute name 1 Transaction ID 2 Money Obtained 3 Products shipped 4 Product ID Employee Country No Attribute name 1 Country ID 2 Country Description 3 Country Name Department No Attribute name 1 Department ID 2 Department Name 3 Country ID Job No Attribute name 1 Job ID 2 Description 3 Qualification required 4 Salary The rules of integrity are given as follows: Primary keys for each record must be unique, cannot be null and must be in accordance to the data variable set for it. A unique primary key helps in distinguishing one record from the other . The value of a foreign key that is present within another table must be in accordance to the value that is present in the table where that particular field is the primary key. In short the value placed in a foreign key field must also be present in the field where it is a primary key. An employee cannot be assigned more than one country ID against his or her record. This means that an employee would only be assigned the country ID in which he or she works. This would help prevent any confusion that may arise from the fact that an employee is incharge of two departments that exist in different countries. Issues due to the use of un-normalized tables: The use of un-normalized database may cause a great deal of confusion while updating the data. If one of the users has accessed a particular record that is present i

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Sensory Perceptions - Essay Example But what is also interesting is that the brain, rather than being a passive recipient of inputs also directs and conditions the other sense organs. This makes the brain the most powerful sense organ, for it can potentially control the flow and the meaning of information that is gathered through the five basis sensory inputs. There are several factors that determine the accuracy of sensory information. The quality of the information source is one and the health of the receiving sensory organ is another. The conduciveness of the medium of transmission is also a key factor. The way these three factors interact and compound is best illustrated through the example of listening to the radio. Thrown in this mix is the nature/nurture divide that adds complexity the problem of information acquisition. Nature plays a role in that the innate intelligence and modes of survival of the species (ex. carnivorous or herbivorous) determine the necessity for perceiving relative threats, opportunities, etc. In other words, the way animals are programmed to fight or flee and what to eat and what to shun determine their capacity for perceiving select information out of all the available data. Other factors such as health condition, age, etc all have a bearing on the efficiency and accuracy with which information is gathered through the senses. (Pomerantz, 2003) Philosophers since ancient times have grappled with the nature, scope and veracity of human knowledge. In fact, the philosophical discipline of epistemology concerns itself wholly to answering such questions. Epistemologists generally agree that human knowledge is largely a product of human sensory capabilities. In other words, our capacity for knowledge is limited by the range and depth of our sense faculties in receiving and interpreting data. Thus, understanding the roles of nature and nurture are essential to the epistemological analysis. To the extent that human beings are a product